RELEASE OF NICKEL AND CHROMIUM IONS FROM STAINLESS STEEL BRACKETS AS A RESULT OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO COMMONLY USED TOOTHPASTE

Release of nickel and chromium ions from stainless steel brackets as a result of long-term exposure to commonly used toothpaste

Background: Brackets in fixed orthodontic appliances are mostly made from metal or stainless steel.Maintaining oral hygiene by brushing the teeth with toothpaste during orthodontic treatment is important.One of the ingredients in read more toothpaste, sodium fluoride, can cause degradation of the stainless-steel surface, which has the potential to

read more


Comparative rates of evolution in endosymbiotic nuclear genomes

Abstract Background The nucleomorphs associated with secondary plastids of cryptomonads and chlorarachniophytes are the sole examples of organelles with eukaryotic nuclear genomes.Although not as widespread as their prokaryotic equivalents in mitochondria and plastids, nucleomorph genomes share similarities in terms of reduction and acupatch compac

read more

Cyclical patterns in profits, provisioning and lending of banks and procyclicality of the new Basel capital requirements

The proposed risk sensitive minimum requirements of the new Basel capital accord have raised concerns iphone 14 price miami about possible (acceleration of) procyclical behaviour of banking, which might threaten macroeconomic stability.This article analyses the interaction between business cycles and banks over the past two decades for 26 industria

read more